EFG tensor for rotating crystal
(VAS and MAS).
Contributor: R. Hajjar

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EFG tensor for rotating crystal

For rotating crystal, two axis-systems are involved. One orientates the static magnetic field B0 in the rotor-axis system (轉子坐標系, xVAS, yVAS, zVAS). The second orientates the rotor in the principal-axis system (主軸坐標系) of the EFG tensor (XPAS, YPAS, ZPAS).

VAS and PAS frames

In fact, NMR rotor performs positive or right-hand rotation around its zVAS axis. Since the rotor spinning rate ωrot is a positive number by definition, a minus sign must appear with the first Euler angle, that is, -ωrot*t in the above figure. [see O. N. Antzutkin; Sideband manipulation in magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 35, 203-266 (1999)]


As a result, analytical expressions containing the rotor spinning rate (in quadrupole interaction web pages of this site) must change its sign.


(A) Variable-Angle-Spinning experiment 變角旋轉

(1) V(2,0) tensor component

The component V(2,0) in the observation frame is related to the eigen values of V by the following two relations:

V20-VAS

and

V2k-VAS

We provide a Mathematica notebook that calculates the component V(2,0) of the second-rank spherical tensor V, whose final expression is:

V20-VAS-final

with

ai-bi-VAS

(2) W(2,0) tensor component

The component W(2,0) in the observation frame is related to the eigen values of W by the following two relations:

W2-0-VAS

and

W2-VAS

We also provide a Mathematica notebook that calculates the component W(2,0) of the fourth-rank spherical tensor W, whose final expression is:

W20-VAS-final

with

a2i-b2i-VAS

(3) W(4,0) tensor component

The component W(4,0) in the observation frame is related to the eigen values of W by the following two relations:

W2-0-VAS

and

W2-VAS

We also provide a Mathematica notebook that calculates the component W(4,0) of the fourth-rank spherical tensor W, whose final expression is:

W40-VAS-final

with

a40-VAS
a41-b41-VAS
a42-b42-VAS
a43-b43-VAS
a44-b44-VAS

(B) Magic-Angle-Spinning experiment 魔角旋轉

In practice, the angle θVAS of the rotor is the magic-angle with:
θVAS = θMAS = arccos{sqrt(1/3)}.

(1) V(2,0) tensor component

The component V(2,0) has the following form:

V20-MAS-final

with

ai-bi-MAS

(2) W(2,0) tensor component

The component W(2,0) has the following form:

W20-MAS-final

with

a2i-b2i-MAS

(3) W(4,0) tensor component

The component W(4,0) has the following form:

W40-MAS-final

with

a40-MAS
a41-b41-MAS
a42-b42-MAS
a43-b43-MAS
a44-b44-MAS

(C) Conclusion

In the above expressions, the asymmetry parameter η is associated with cos2α or with sin2α. As a result, if we add π/2 to α, η will change to -η . In other words, the passage from our convention for η to that used in the simulation program SIMPSON and vice-versa is the addition of π/2 to the Euler angle α. [see J. M. Koons, E. Hughes, H. M. Cho, and P. D. Ellis; Extracting multitensor solid-state NMR parameters from lineshapes, J. Magn. Reson. A 114, 12-23 (1995)]

However, if a software allows us to change the sign of η, we should use this possibility instead of adding π/2 to the Euler angle α.

Solid-state NMR bibliography for:

Aluminum-27
Antimony-121/123
Arsenic-75
Barium-135/137
Beryllium-9
Bismuth-209
Boron-11
Bromine-79/81
Calcium-43
Cesium-133
Chlorine-35/37
Chromium-53
Cobalt-59
Copper-63/65
Deuterium-2
Gallium-69/71
Germanium-73
Gold-197
Hafnium-177/179
Indium-113/115
Iodine-127
Iridium-191/193
Krypton-83
Lanthanum-139
Lithium-7
Magnesium-25
Manganese-55
Mercury-201
Molybdenum-95/97
Neon-21
Nickel-61
Niobium-93
Nitrogen-14
Osmium-189
Oxygen-17
Palladium-105
Potassium-39/41
Rhenium-185/187
Rubidium-85/87
Ruthenium-99/101
Scandium-45
Sodium-23
Strontium-87
Sulfur-33
Tantalum-181
Titanium-47/49
Vanadium-51
Xenon-131
Zinc-67
Zirconium-91
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