Cantonese romanization 粵語拼音方案

Romanization is the use of English letters to stand for Cantonese syllables.
Yue 粵 is a group of similar Sinitic languages spoken in Southern China, particularly in the Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.
Cantonese romanization from: The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language, authored by Siu-Pong Cheng and Sze-Wing Tang, 5 Feb 2016 (PDF)

* 羊城网: 每天讲着粤语的人，往往也搞不清粤拼到底是什么回事

* Outline *

Jyutping 粵拼
Standard Cantonese Pinyin 教院
Guangdong Romanization 廣拼
Yale Romanization 粵語耶魯拼音
Sidney Lau Romanization 劉錫祥拼音
Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanization 香港政府粵語拼音 (港拼)
S. L. Wong Romanization 黃錫凌式
Online Chinese text to speech
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

* Omniglot: Cantonese (廣東話)

* Olly Richards: Learn Cantonese: The ultimate guide for beginners

* CPIME 廣東話拼音輸入法: 拼音對照表 (1 to 4)

* 漢語多功能字庫 Multi-function Chinese Character Database supports several Cantonese romanizations (1 to 5, and others) 粵音系統 and voice

* shyyp.net: 羊羊粤语 supports several Cantonese romanizations (1 to 6 and others), choice in menu bar 廣州拼音 and provides output Cantonese Pinyin format and voice

* 粵音輸入網: 粵語拼音方案對照

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* Hong Kong Vision: Chinese character to Cantonese Pinyin converter supports several Cantonese romanizations (1 to 4, and others) Output Cantonese Pinyin format

* Kodensha: Cantonese romanization converter (1, 3, 4, 5)

* dohliam.github: Cantonese romanization converter

* 開放粵語詞典查詢: Cantonese romanization converter

* Lotus Fa: Cantonese IPA translator

1. Jyutping 粵拼

* Jyutping 粵拼, 香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案, The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) Cantonese romanization scheme. Jyutping can also be used as a Chinese computer input method.

* YouTube: Everything you need to know about Jyutping Cantonese alphabet & pronunciation 101
In this video, Jade will explore the most commonly used Cantonese Romanization system—Jyutping 粵拼 and break down each initial and final for you.

* The Hong Kong Polytechnic University: Jyutping basic

* 百度百科: 粵語

* Wikipedia: Hong Kong Cantonese

* The Hong Kong Cantonese language: Current features and future prospects,
Robert S. Bauer,
Global Chinese 2, 115–161 (2016)
PDF

* Bruce's blog: 粤语自学教程

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* MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary supports Jyutping and voice

* 粵語審音配詞字庫 Chinese character database: With word-formations, phonologically disambiguated according to the Cantonese dialect supports Jyutping 香港語言學學會

* 粵典: 查字典 with Jyutping and voice

* 發音字典: 粵音資料集叢 supports Jyutping and voice

* Cantonesetools: 聽廣東話 Jyutping and voice

* VoiceDic (语音字典): 汉语方言发音字典 supports Jyutping and voice

* CantoWords supports Jyutping and voice

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* jyutping.org: 粵拼與其他粵語拼音方案對照表
* jyutping.org: 粵拼的拼音字母錄音數據(据) and voice

* The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 懶音診療室: 認識粵語 exercise and voice

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* 香港中文大學自學中心: 聲母: 學一學 exercise and voice
* 香港中文大學自學中心: 韻母: 學一學 exercise and voice

* The Education University of Hong Kong: EdUHK Cantonese self-learning website with voice.
Cantonese /-eo-/ is another vowel not found in either Putonghua or English, though it is a closer /-oe-/, almost like the French ‘eû’ in ‘jeûne’. For beginners, the 2 final sets of /-oe- -eo-/ are not easily distinguishable.
Cantonese /-a-/ does not appear in syllables on its own, but rather together with a coda.

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* The Cantonese sound system 明信片簡介 (pdf)

* Cantoneseclass101: Learn the Cantonese alphabet from a to z!
* Cantoneseclass101: Your ultimate Cantonese pronunciation guide

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* zh-Wikipedia 香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案:
粵拼的拼音字母是由拉丁字母 a 至 z 組成，其中 q、r、v、x 不用。字調則以阿拉伯數字 1 至 6 標示。

* 知乎: 搜狗输入法 × 粤语拼音

* corpus.eduhk.hk: Structure of the Cantonese syllable (based on Bauer & Benedict, 1997)

* Medium: 粵拼教程(1) — 「前言」同「基本智識」

* Medium: 粵拼教程(2) — 聲母

A. 聲母 (onset, initials)

共19個: b巴 p怕 m媽 f花 d打 t他 n那 l啦 g家 k卡 ng牙 h蝦 gw瓜 kw誇 w蛙 z渣 c叉 s沙 j也

* The Education University of Hong Kong: EdUHK Cantonese self-learning website with voice.
Keeping the Chinese syllabic structure of ‘initial + final + tone’ in mind, we use the concept of ‘null initial’ as a convenient way to group together all syllables that start with vowels (that is, have no onset):

丫	屋	握

from 基督教中國佈道會九龍迦南堂: 粵拼簡介 PDF

**聲母表**
from 知乎: 搜狗输入法 × 粤语拼音
b /p/	p /p^h/	m /m/	f /f/		d /t/	t /t^h/	n /n/	l /l/
辨別	枇杷	文明	芬芳		道德	通透	男女	流利
g /k/	k /k^h/	ng /ŋ/	h /h/		gw /k^w/	kw /k^wh/	w /w/	j /j/
基金	期權	額外	嬉戲		{廣國}	{狂礦}	溫和	柔韌
z /tʃ/	c /tʃ^h/		s /ʃ/	ø /?/			m /m/	ng /ŋ/
祖籍	財產		信心	藹			嘸 m4	悟

B. 韻腹 (nuclei)

共9個: aa沙、a新、e些、i詩、o疏、u夫、oe靴()、eo去()、yu書

**粵拼韻腹表**
from 香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案
	不圓唇韻腹				圓唇韻腹
粵拼韻腹	aa	a	e	i	o	u	oe	eo	yu
國際音標	[aː]	[ɐ]	[ɛː] / [e]	[iː] / [ɪ]	[ɔː] / [o]	[uː] / [ʊ]	[œː]	[ɵ]	[yː]
漢字舉例	沙	新	些四	詩星識	疏蘇	夫風福	靴	去	書

* Jyutping 粵拼: I am a Cantonese learner and I speak English
oe is the rounded version of e, the IPA is [œ]. Many speakers say it sounds like ir as in bird, or ur as in fur.
eo is the short version of oe, the mouth opens smaller than oe, the IPA is [ɵ].

* Wikipedia: IPA/Cantonese

IPA e/ɪ for i before k or ng, 色 英
IPA o/ʊ for u before k or ng, 福 風

* HanhNgiox 漢語方言拼音輸入: 粤拼:

i, u, e, o 均爲一個符號對應兩個韻腹，具體所代表的韻腹取決於所搭配的韻尾。即韻腹 e, o, i, u 在拼寫成 ei, ou, ing, ik, ung, uk 時，讀音與和其他韻尾搭配時稍有不同，詳見表中IPA。

* Liujgoj Cantonese: Cantonese pronunciation, Part 2 — The rhymes

C. 韻尾 (codas)

共8個: -i西 -u收 -m心 -n新 -ng生 -p濕 -t失 -k塞

**韻尾表**
from 基督教中國佈道會九龍迦南堂
-i	美
-u	叫
-m	檢
-n	見
-ng	競
-p	喼
-t	潔
-k	激

D. 韻母 (finals)

韻腹加韻尾組成粵拼的韻母, 粵語共有60個韻母（另有兩個鼻音單獨成韻）

**韻母表**
from jyutping.org: 粵拼的拼音字母錄音數據(据) and voice
韻腹		單元音	複元音		鼻音韻尾			爆發音韻尾（入聲韻）
韻腹		-	-i列	-u列	-m列	-n列	-ng列	-p列	-t列	-k列
i行	[iː]長	i		iu	im	in		ip	it
i行	[e]短						ing			ik
yu行	[yː]長	yu				yun			yut
u行	[uː]長	u	ui			un			ut
u行	[o]短				um		ung	up		uk
e行	[ɛː]長	e		eu 掉 (deu6)	em		eng	ep 夾 (gep2)	et 坺 (pet6)	ek
e行	[e]短		ei			en
eo行	[ɵ]短		eoi			eon			eot
oe行	[œː]長	oe					oeng		oet	oek
o行	[ɔː]長	o	oi			on	ong		ot	ok
o行	[o]短			ou
a行	[ɐ]短	a 嘞	ai	au	am	an	ang	ap	at	ak
aa行	[aː]長	aa	aai	aau	aam	aan	aang	aap	aat	aak

英 ing [ɪŋ] / [eŋ]
益 ik [ɪk] / [ek]
屋 uk [ʊk] / [ok]

粵語有2個鼻音，分別是 m 和 ng，可單獨成韻，例如「唔（m4）」和「五（ng5）」。

**韻母表**
from 知乎
aa /a:/	a /ɐ/	e /ɛ:/	e /e/	i /i:/	i /e/	o /ɔ:/	o /o/	oe /oe:/	eo /ɵ/	u /u:/	u /o/	yu /y:/
華夏		賒借		時事		菠蘿		{鋸靴}		夫婦		主語
aai /a:j/	ai /ɐj/		ei /ej/			oi /ɔ:j/			eoi /ɵy/	ui /u:j/
買賣	逝世		美味			海苔			追隨	徘徊
aau /a:w/	au /ɐw/	eu /ɛ:w/		iu /i:w/			ou /ow/
咆哮	優秀	掉 deu6		逍遙			舞蹈
aam /a:m/	am /ɐm/	em /ɛ:m/		im /i:m/
貪婪	森林	舐 lem2		檢驗
aan /a:n/	an /ɐn/			in /i:n/		on /ɔ:n/			eon /ɵn/	un /u:n/		yun /y:n/
簡單	繽紛			天仙		乾旱			倫敦	判官		圓圈
aang /a:ŋ/	ang /ɐŋ/	eng /ɛ:ŋ/			ing /ejŋ/	ong /ɔ:ŋ/		oeng /oe:ŋ/			ung /owŋ/
生猛	萌生	{鏡柄}			正經	光芒		奬賞			總統
aap /a:p/	ap /ɐp/	ep /ɛ:p/		ip /i:p/
臘鴨	吸入	夾 gep6		摺疊
aat /a:t/	at /ɐt/			it /i:t/		ot /ɔ:t/			eot /ɵt/	ut /u:t/		yut /y:t/
發達	物質			熱烈		{褐葛}			出術	活潑		決絕
aak /a:k/	ak /ɐk/	ek /ɛ:k/			ik /ejk/	ok /ɔ:k/		oek /oe:k/			uk /owk/
策劃	{北側}	赤石			積極	國學		削弱			祝福

E. 聲調 (tones)

* 以阿拉伯數字 1 至 6 標示在每個音節的拼音之後

from 基督教中國佈道會九龍迦南堂

* YouTube: Learning Cantonese - Tones

* 粵音資料集叢 with voice:

* YouTube: [Ms. NG] How to practice Cantonese tones01 pronunciation learning

F. Jyutping pronunciation

* 維基辭典: 香港語言學學會粵語拼音表

* Jyutping Guide: Jyutping pronunciation

* The Jyutping Tutor: Traditional Jyutping Chart - Vowel

* GitHub: 粵拼字表

* Adam Sheik 石亞當: Jyutping pronunciation guide

* 明報網站: 網學時代：粵語拼音輸入法易學過倉頡重新認識廣東話
廣東話每一個字的音節都是由聲母、韻母和聲調三部分組成，廣東話有19個聲母、51個韻母和6個聲調（如計上p、t、k韻尾即為9聲）。這段影片是以香港語言學學會（LSHK）制定的粵拼為基礎，分為10小節，各約5分鐘，完整解說所有聲母和韻母，但就沒有說明聲調的部分，因為原來粵拼輸入法是不需要輸入聲調的。

■4項小貼示
這條影片指出其中4個香港人容易混淆的位，包括：

一、聲母J的用法如英文的Y，即「人」、「一」、「日」都是以「J」開頭。

二、聲母C是噴氣，Z是不噴氣。
「做」、「走」、「紙」都是以「Z」開頭。

三、韻母oe和eo，讀音和長短都不同。
oe是長音，「靴」、「香」、「着」都是oe。
eo是短音，「水」、「信」、「律」是eo。

四、韻母ui是長音，eoi是短音。
「杯」、「灰」、「妹」是ui。
「水」、「去」、「女」是eoi。

G. YouTube

* YouTube: 【廣東話教室】52 分鐘學識 LSHK 粵拼（中文科老師、語言學同學必睇）

* YouTube: 香港人學粵拼

* YouTube: 10週學粵拼 Jyutping in 10 weeks

* YouTube: ～學粵語～對照國語拼音學【粵語拼音】10分鐘就能搞懂！

* 冚唪唥粵文讀本 Hambaanglaang Cantonese graded readers

H. Online Jyutping input

* Jyutping: Online Jyutping input method

* Branah: Cantonese keyboard - 粵語鍵盤

* 粵音輸入網: Internet Cantonese input platform

I. Jyutping converter

✠ Cantonese Sheik Parser: Adam Sheik 石亞當 provides Jyutping

* EasyPronunciation: Cantonese pronunciation tool - Jyutping translator

* Branah: Cantonese to Jyutping converter

* WrittenChinese: Dictionary

2. Standard Cantonese Pinyin 教院

* 教院 - Standard Cantonese Pinyin 香港教育學院拼音方案 developed by the Rev. Yu Ping Chiu (余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department (merged into the Education and Manpower Bureau since 2003) of Hong Kong

* Wikipedia: Cantonese Pinyin

* zh.Wikipedia: 教育学院拼音方案

* Academic: Standard Cantonese Pinyin

* 粵語協會: 教育學院拼音方案 vs 香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案

* 香港中文大學自學中心: 粵拼方案比對

* Quality Education Fund: A study of Chinese characters recommended for Chinese subject in primary school with Standard Cantonese Pinyin and voice

3. Guangdong Romanization 廣拼

* 廣拼 - 中國大陸廣州話拼音方案 Cantonese Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes issued by the Guangdong Education Bureau in 1960 to transliterate Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka and Hainanese. This scheme utilized similar elements with some differences to accommodate each spoken language type.

* 維基百科: 廣州話拼音方案

* web.archive: GuangZhou dialect (Cantonese) romanization scheme 廣州話拼音方案

* Academic: Guangdong romanization

* jointpublishing: 粵語（香港話）教程

* wanlibk: 初學廣東話全書錄音下載(111MB)

* 搜狐: 粤语是怎样注音的？广拼和粤拼哪个更好？看这篇就够了……

* Dylan W.H. Sung: 廣州話拼音方案 GuangZhou dialect (Cantonese) romanisation scheme

4. Yale Romanization 粵語耶魯拼音

* Wikipedia: Yale romanization of Cantonese

Graphical representation of the tones of six-tone Cantonese
1 高平聲
2 高上聲
3 高去聲
4 低平聲
5 低上聲
6 低去聲

* wikitravel: Cantonese phrasebook

* : Chinese character detail page

5. Sidney Lau Romanization 劉錫祥拼音

* The Hong Kong linguist Sidney Lau modified the Yale system for his popular ‘Cantonese as a second language’ course, and his system is is widely used today by contemporary Cantonese speakers

* In Survival Cantonese - Self Learning Package, Lau’s Cantonese Yale romanization system is used in preference to the traditional one as it is regarded as a practical system easily understood by Western learners of Cantonese.

* SidneyLau: Sidney Lau Cantonese romanization system - Pronunciation guide